寒地城市街旁绿地植物景观的设计研究

寒地城市具有特殊的气候特点和人文特色,植物景观在寒地城市街旁绿地设计过程中具有重要的作用.本文对寒地城市、植物景观等相关概念进行论述,并提出了寒地城市街旁绿地植物景观的规划设计原则与要点,以期克服寒冷气候对园林造景的不利影响,充分挖掘寒地城市的特色,并将其体现在街旁绿地的植物景观设计过程中.     

江西城镇老年公寓的需求分析预测

近年来,人口老龄化问题越来越突出。加强老年公寓的建设,是解决传统家庭尤其是独生子女家庭父母养老的发展趋势。同时,加强老年公寓的筹划与建设,也有利于保持经济稳定增长、缓解社会就业压力。本文通过Markov链模型和年龄移算法等方法测算老年人口比例,对我省城镇老年公寓的需求进行分析预测,并提出了相应的发展目标建议。     

一种基于模糊逻辑的城市单交叉口自适应信号控制

介绍一种实用的交叉口模糊控制方法，该方法不需建立复杂的数学模型．根据城市交通系统的实际情况，依据交叉口4个方向车流的来车信息，采用模糊控制方法，设计了模糊控制器，并对该控制器进行了仿真研究，结果表明该方法可以有效地改善交叉路口的通行能力，为优化城市交通控制提供了一种参考方法．     

从系统论的角度看城市公共设施设计

城市是文明的标志,城市公共设施是文明城市的重要构件。城市公共设施是城市环境的组成部分,在城市环境中发挥着重要的作用。文章从可持续发展的角度,概述了城市公共设施与城市建设的关系,运用系统论方法,从整体性,关联性等方面对城市公共设施系统进行了分析。基于现阶段相应的具体情况与关键问题进行探究,提出了城市公共设施系统设计的优化与完善的策略。     

Manufacture of Syntactic Foams: Pre-Mold Processing

Manufacturing processes for syntactic foams made of hollow microspheres and starch were studied. Various manufacturing parameters in relation to the “buoyancy method” were identified and inter-related. An equation based on unit-cell models with the minimum inter-microsphere distance concept for a relation between volume expansion rate of bulk microspheres in aqueous starch and microsphere size was derived and successfully used to predict experimental data. It was demonstrated that the inter-microsphere distance can be calculated numerically for microspheres with known statistical data. The equation relating between volume expansion rate and microsphere size was further extended to accommodate a relation between inter-microsphere distance and microsphere size but with limited accuracy for binders of low starch content. An alternative empirical linear equation for the relation between inter-microsphere distance and microsphere size is proposed for wider applications. A simple method for estimation of syntactic foam density prior to completion of manufacture is suggested. Shrinkage after molding of syntactic foam is discussed in relation with different stages such as slurry, dough and solid. A two-step manufacturing process involving molding and then forming is suggested for syntactic foam dimensional control.     

Effect of gypsum on free and restrained shrinkage behaviour of slag-concretes subjected to various curing conditions

The effect of gypsum in slag-blended cement on free and restrained shrinkage of concrete subjected to various curing conditions is presented in this paper. Added gypsum in slag-blended cements was found to increase the autogenous shrinkage of concrete up to 56 days. However, added gypsum caused small reduction in the long-term shrinkage when the concrete was exposed to drying. Slag concretes with 3% added gypsum content, when exposed to drying at the age of 24 h, exhibited more cracking tendency than comparable concrete with 0% added gypsum. This is attributed to the increased shrinkage evolution of slag concrete with 3% gypsum content at early ages. However, if moist cured for 7 days, increasing the amount of gypsum from 3 to 5% in slag-blended cement reduced the cracking tendency. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of increasing gypsum in reducing cracking tendency in slag concrete is only favourable if moist cured for 7 days.     

城市规划管理信息系统中用户权限管理方案实现

该文针对城市规划管理信息系统中安全性管理的要求,借鉴大型数据库的角色管理概念,提出了一种基于岗位角色的用户权限管理的方案,并对权限设置的原则和方法进行了探讨,通过在南京市规划管理办公自动化系统中的应用,表明此方法是可靠和实用的。     

城市建(构)筑物拆除爆破重大危险源的辨识与控制

拆除爆破是种高风险、高危害性的行业,城市建(构)筑物爆破拆除的安全控制与管理非常重要。本文阐述了城市建(构)筑物拆除爆破重大危险源辨识的依据、方法和主要类型,并提出相应的控制原则、控制措施及程序。可为控制爆破拆除行业安全管理的系统化、规范化和程序化提供参考。     

Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution: Scaling from the field to the satellite

Despite the large number of in situ, plot-level phenological measurements and satellite-derived phenological studies, there has been little success to date in merging these records temporally or spatially. In this research, we bridge this scale gap through higher resolution satellite records (Landsat) and quantify the accuracy of satellite-derived metrics with direct field measurements. We compiled fifty-seven Landsat scenes from southern New England (P12 R51) from 1984 to 2002. Green vegetation areal abundance for each scene was derived from spectral mixture analysis and a single set of endmembers. The leaf area signal was fit with a logistic-growth simulating sigmoid curve to derive phenological markers (half-maximum leaf-onset and offset). Spring leaf-onset dates in homogenous stands of deciduous forests displayed significant and persistent local variability. The local variability was validated with multiple springtime ground observations (r² = 0.91). The highest degree of verified small-scale variation occurred where contiguous forests displayed leaf-onset gradients of 10-14 days over short distances (< 500 m). These dramatic gradients occur in of low-relief (< 40 m) upland regions. The patterns suggest that microclimates resulting from springtime cold-air drainage may be influential in governing the start of leaf growth; every 4.16 m loss in elevation delayed spring leaf onset by 1 day. These microclimates may be of crucial importance in interpreting in situ records and interpolating phenology from satellite data. Regional patterns from the Landsat analyses suggest topographic, coastal, and land-use controls on phenology. Our results indicate that deciduous forests in the Providence, RI metropolitan area leaf out 5-7 days earlier than comparable rural areas. The platform-independent curve-fit methodology may be extended across platforms and field data. The methodologically consistent approach, in tandem with Landsat data, allows an effective scaling from plot to satellite phenological observations.     

基于社交网络群智感知信息的非常规突发事件描述方法研究

群智感知是以近年来兴起的物联网、大数据、云计算等多种技术为基础发展起来的。群智感知就是用城市环境中感知的大数据来解决城市本身所面临的挑战,通过对多源异构数据的整合、分析和挖掘来提取知识和价值,从而提高城市服务的现代化水平。非常规突发事件是一类前兆特征不充分、具有明显的复杂性和潜在次生衍生危害、破坏性严重、采用传统管理方式难以应对处置的罕见重大突发事件。由于构成群智感知网络的基本单元是无所不在的移动智能终端用户,这种新型的体系架构无论是在感知及认知的广度、深度还是在构建的成本与速度上,都是传统技术手段所无法比拟的。对社交网络信息进行语义感知、时空关联等以对非常规突发事件进行描述,并通过实例对该方法进行验证。非常规突发事件的语义信息包括关键词、模式、语句等。时空信息用来描述非常规突发事件的客观时间属性与空间属性。时间属性包括非常规突发事件的发生时间、结束时间,以及重要时间点。空间属性包括非常规突发事件的发生位置、影响位置,位置信息可以是路名建筑物名称,也可以具体到GIS信息。多媒体信息包括图像、视频、音频等。